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Sixteen years on the streets, living and working with the people of China, Jeff

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Note before starting: this special publication is being released on the anniversary of Mao Zedong’s death, 9 September 1976.

For much, much more, here is the China Writers’ Group massive webpage on Mao Zedong,

The Mao Encyclopedia for Dummies. Updated and it’s all here: books, articles, movies, visuals. China Rising Radio Sinoland 240103

You believe Mao Zedong killed millions of his own people and destroyed the country. The citizens admire and venerate him for creating New China and making it a world power. Only one side can be right. Which is it? Meet the man you think you know: Mao Zedong’s advanced study and research of Western knowledge had a profound influence on his leadership, governance, scientific thought, military strategy and revolutionary process. Radio Sinoland 250208

Updated Chapter

Portrait of Chairman Mao, by Ma Jin (1899-1970). Ink and color on paper, undated. The banners hanging from the red balloons say, “Long live our great leader Mao Zedong” and “Long live the Communist Party of China”. The artist’s note on the right-hand side says, “This painting by Mr. Ma Jin was born during the Cultural Revolution for Chou Xueshi’s mention”.

My arc of awareness has been a long, hard road

In researching my China Trilogy books, while producing many hundreds of articles and podcasts in the interim, and now currently writing my fourth book, Amir&Jeff’s Excellent China Adventure (due out in 2026), I keep coming across what psychologists call cognitive dissonance, when your mind is grappling with two conflicting ideas simultaneously. It causes internal stress, denial and mental compartmentalization, to bury the evidence that goes against one’s beliefs and assumptions. Courageous people take the latter out of the box, study it and correct themselves, which is what this chapter is all about.

On the one hand is Western media and books, describing Mao Zedong as everything from the devil incarnate to the world’s blood thirstiest butcher and on and on. James Corbett, a well-known “liberal”, alternative press guru says that,

Mao was a disgusting, horrible, cruel, perverse person – probably the greatest mass murderer in the history of the world.

As Little Richard would sing, Good Golly Miss Molly. Corbett’s supposed to be an enlightened liberal. Wanna hear what CNN and Fox News have to say? Maybe best to get a rabies vaccine before you do.

Thus, much of the world has all this anti-Mao venom versus President Xi Jinping’s and the Chinese people’s undying pride and loyalty to this same-said person. Whether you love him or hate him, Mao was truly a giant on history’s 20th century stage.

Portrait of Chairman Mao, by Wu Zuren (1908-1977) and others. Ink and color on paper, 1962. Standing in a plum orchard, a poem written by Mao Zedong included:

A Poem of Divination-Ode to the Plum Blossom

 A rainstorm ushers in the returning spring,

Flurries of snow welcome a spring arriving.

The steep cliffs are already thick with ice,

There are still beautiful sprays of flower blossoms.

Beautiful yet not wanting of spring,

We only have the spring to announce.

Until the days of bright mountain flowers in full bloom.

She smiles among the branches.

Talk about cognitive dissonance

So, I kept asking myself, if Mao was such a depraved, demonic, diabolical fiend, who brought China to its knees and destroyed his nation’s people – why do the Chinese love him so much? I’ve talked to thousands of Chinese over my 16 years here and lots of them vent their spleen at the Communist Party, the corruption, the hypocrisy, just like Westerners mock their political parties and process. I’ve heard Chinese criticize Deng, Jiang, Hu, China’s post-Mao leaders for all kinds of reasons, too much of this, too little of that. I can find Chinese today who criticize Xi Jinping, but it is usually for him not doing enough to clean up the Party’s corruption, not being “Mao” enough.

Yes, I’ve talked to a handful of Chinese who don’t like Mao. If they are older, they usually suffered during the Cultural Revolution, or they are children whose parents got the short end of the stick. I have an aged friend who was persecuted during Mao’s 1950s Anti-Rightist Campaign. He hates Mao’s guts and will never forgive him.

Mao is here, there, everywhere

But through it all, I can safely say that about 98% of the Chinese I’ve talked to like Mao and what he did for China. His image adorns taxi cabs, like an amulet of St. Christopher, to ward off accidents. He is on walls of privately owned offices, businesses, restaurants – these are private, not government. They are citizens who have decided to show their admiration for the man, on their own. He’s everywhere. How can this be in the face of relentless demonization by Western media, educators, historians and politicians?

 Mao Zedong is everywhere you look. Here is a Mao amulet hanging in a tuk-tuk, on the left, watching over the driver. (Image by Jeff J. Brown)

Posters of Mao can be found everywhere, especially in the countryside. Here is one that greets you in a small hotel in Sichuan. (Image by Jeff J. Brown)

After doing much research, including sleuthing around museums across China, here is what I found out.

Where it all started

First, you have to understand where China was, when Mao became leader of the new People’s Republic of China. In 1949, China was basically a 19th century hellhole. There was widespread rural starvation, which was endemic over many areas of the country. Twenty-five percent of the adult population was ensnared with opium, morphine and heroin, up to 100 million people. Due to generalized misery, prostitution and child trafficking were rampant, because the people did not have enough money and food to survive. There was almost no industrial capacity in the hands of the Chinese. It was all owned by Western and Japanese colonialists and occupiers. Electricity was a luxury for the vast majority of the citizens, even in many big cities.

Eighty percent of the people could not read or write, a true hallmark of imperial subjugation. Many millions of children died, or were handicapped every year with many diseases, since there was no immunization program. Infrastructure had largely been ignored for 100 years, except for what was useful to Western and Japanese colonialists to bring in hard drugs and haul off all of China’s silver, natural resources and goods. Most tellingly, in 1949, a Chinese citizen could hope to live for an average of only 35 years. Furthermore, for female citizens, women were little more than chattel property and the cruelty of feet binding was still common.

So here was China, which until 1872, was the world’s largest economy and historically one of the most technologically advanced. After unwise policy decisions by the Manchus during the Qing Dynasty, and 100 years of brutal colonial exploitation and war, China had been reduced to a social, economic, political, 19th century basket case. That was the China that Mao Zedong inherited on October 1st, 1949.

Flowers, by Jiang Caiping (1934- ). Ink and color on paper, 1963.

No other people in human history have done what the Chinese did 1949-1978

Under the direction of Mao and in only twenty-nine years, 1949-1978, which I call the Mao Era, the Communist Party of China used its centralized authority, organizing human and natural resources to develop China’s industrial and civilian infrastructure, thereby turning China from a 19th century wasteland into a modern, 20th century developing economy.

Mao and the CPC eradicated morphine, heroin, opium use and cultivation; prostitution, child slavery, child trafficking and feet binding in only two years, saving many tens of millions of lives and improving the lives of hundreds of millions more. They also wiped out warlords, organized crime, gangsters, gambling, loan sharking, drugs, gun running and the protection rackets in the same record time. This is unprecedented in such a short period of time, especially with such a vast population. All this alone transformed the lives of the Chinese from misery and exploitation to hope and security.

When Deng Xiaoping took over after Mao’s death in 1976 and started to implement his high-stakes economic and social reforms in 1978, thanks to Mao’s visionary leadership, China already had decent roads connecting most cities and towns on a provincial basis. Furthermore, using local grids and constructing over 10,000 hydroelectric dams (which I’ve seen many times in my travels), over 60% of the people had access to electricity, including remote and low-income rural areas. Incredibly, the nation’s literacy rate reached two-thirds of all the adults and 80% of school aged children, one of the highest levels in developing countries in 1978, and this was done in the world’s most populous country. The Chinese are now virtually 100% literate.

The vast majority of the masses were immunized, including almost all babies at one year of age. Life expectancy skyrocketed from 35 years of age to 65 years of age. It is now 77.81, on par with Eastern European countries. Although still very patriarchal, women’s status was modernized, with many millions becoming doctors, lawyers, engineers, teachers and administrative and political staff. Women also gained free choice over their bodies for the first time and were offered full pre- and post-maternity and child raising services. To this day, joint bank accounts are not allowed, so that women can be assured of financial freedom.

While the aforementioned, life-changing measures would be any country’s national pride, by a huge margin, that is not all. The long list of statistics in the Appendix at the end of this essay brings into dramatic focus just how successful the Mao Era really was, which is why I always say,

No other national leader has ever done some much for so many people in so little time.

While being blockaded and sanctioned by the Judeo-West

All of this was done, while being totally shut out from the world economy and commerce, from 1949 until the mid-seventies, by the brutal US blockade, like what they’re doing to Cuba. So, Mao and the CPC achieved these dizzying benchmarks without Western technology and financing, and made it happen with the two things China had it spades: labor and brains. It was backbreaking brawn and toiling brains that replaced the Judeo-City of London.

To put all this in proper perspective, during this same timeframe, the United States, which at that time had 50% of the world’s GDP, was the biggest exporter, importer and manufacturer, claiming the world’s biggest banks and financial sector, the world’s largest creditor and smallest debtor (on a per capita basis) and had the US dollar as humanity’s reserve currency – yet America could only outdo Mao’s shut-off Red China by one percentage point per annum, weighing in at 8%.

How many politicians and their parties would like to run on accomplishments like Mao’s? Talk about bringing home the bacon.

With a record like that, now you can appreciate why 98% of the Chinese think that Mao metaphorically walks on water. Not to mention the intangibles, that Mao inspires hard work, dedication, patriotism, teamwork, community and nation building. As well, thanks to Mao, the Chinese are free from Western exploitation and genocide. As stated in China’s constitution, it’s thanks to Mao Zedong that,

…the Chinese people took state power into their own hands and became masters of the country.

Deng Xiaoping stood on the shoulders of Mao Zedong

Next, Westerners need to understand something else very clearly. Without all this impressive, let’s admit it, spectacular social, economic and infrastructural development during the Mao Era, Deng Xiaoping’s daring reforms would have failed – miserably, when he started in 1978.

Just as importantly, without Mao’s inspiration and struggle for the people of China to stand up and be free, after 110 years of Western and Japanese resource extraction and exploitation, Deng’s reforms would have been for the benefit of foreign powers, militaries, the Judeo-City of London, and not for the people of China. Most countries around the world have been consumed and lost their sovereignty to globalization, Western debt, or had their popular governments overthrown by the West, via assassination, rigged elections, false flags, war or psyops and black ops.

Thanks to Mao, the Chinese have been and continue to stand up to Western imperialism, control their destiny and resources, both human and natural. Thus, their opening up to the world is for the benefit of the masses and not Uncle Sam. There are very few non-Western countries that can say this. China is at the top of the list, along with Russia, since Putin was elected in 2000.

The West lost China?

People forget that one of Senator Joseph McCarthy’s biggest PR weapons was Mao Zedong as poster child, back in postwar America. You remember that demagogue, don’t you, who destroyed thousands and thousands of people’s lives, during his maniacal communist witch hunt and pogrom? McCarthy would raise the specter of Mao to Presidents Harry Truman and Dwight Eisenhower, taunting them with the line, literally beating them over the head with,

How could you lose China, to Mao and the communists? How are you going to get China back?

Think about that for a moment. You can’t lose something, unless you think that you already owned it in the first place. And you can’t take something back, unless you feel it is something due to you. This was and still is the West’s attitude about China: to be owned and exploited. To this day, China’s economic and political independence is what Washington, London, Paris and Berlin cannot accept, and why they are so committed to overthrowing the Communist Party of China. Instead of a Mao or Xi Jinping, they want to install a Western puppet, like Suharto and Marcos in Indonesia and the Philippines, respectively, as was Russia’s Boris Yeltsin in the 1990s, or Zelensky in today’s Ukraine – these and hundreds of other greedy, sycophantic leaders, who were and are willing to let the West come in to rape their people and plunder their resources.

Without Mao’s legacy, that nightmare scenario would have surely already happened a long time ago, as it has in most non-Western countries around the world.

All of this is why Baba Beijing officially says that Mao was right 70% the time and wrong 30% of the time. Now that we’ve looked at the 70% good, let’s take a look at the supposed 30% bad. Like the 70% good, we again have to look at some background and history.

Revolutionaries are everywhere in history

First, Mao was a committed revolutionary, there is no doubt about that. Here are three quotes by him that confirm this:

 Political power grows out of the barrel of a gun.

Revolution is not a dinner party or writing an essay or painting a picture or doing embroidery. It cannot be so refined, so leisurely and gentle, so temperate, kind, courteous, restrained and magnanimous. A revolution is an insurrection, an act of violence, by which one class overthrows the other.

To keep the revolution strong, one person needs to be killed out of every 1,000-2,000 citizens.

For the last quote, in other words, set an example for everybody, by getting rid of someone who is a saboteur.

While at first glance this all may seem bloodthirsty and shocking, it is by far not out of the norm. The French Revolution was a blood affair. Very bloody. The American Revolution was a bloody affair. The Russian Revolution was just as bloody. By necessity, revolution is a mighty battle between the rich and the poor, the haves and the have-nots, the Judeo-bankers and the citizens, the government tyrants against the oppressed masses.

As an example, here are a few quotes from American luminaries,

Americans can exercise their constitutional right of amending it [the government], or their revolutionary right to dismember it or overthrow it. – Abraham Lincoln

In other words, if you can’t make the government work through normal channels, it must be changed by violence.

We must fight, I repeat it sir, we must fight – an appeal to arms! – Patrick Henry

Hmm, this sounds just like Mao to me.

I know not what course others may take, but as for me, give me liberty or give me death! – Patrick Henry

Normally, when you die in action, you kill a few people along the way.

What country can preserve its liberties, if its rulers are not warned, from time to time, that this people preserve the spirit of resistance? Let them take arms! The remedy is to set them [the rulers] right as to the facts, pardon and pacify them. – Thomas Jefferson

What signifies a few lives lost in a century or two? The tree of liberty must be refreshed from time to time with the blood of patriots and tyrants. It is its natural manure.  – Thomas Jefferson

I hold it that a little rebellion [revolution] now and then is a good thing and is necessary in the political world. It is a medicine necessary for the sound health of government. – Thomas Jefferson

Again, Mr. Jefferson sounds just like Mao to me, doesn’t he?

That great visionary radical, Thomas Paine said, We have in our power to begin the world over again [revolution].

The greatest purveyor of violence in the world is my own government. I cannot be silent. – Martin Luther King, Jr.

Of course, pacifist King was killed by his own government, for speaking revolutionary truth to power.

Outside the United States,

A revolution is an idea taken up by bayonets. – Napoléon Bonaparte

Fidel Castro laid it on the line, A revolution is not a bed of roses. Revolution is a struggle between the future and the past.

What Castro meant was that the have-nots of the future are taking what is rightfully theirs from their exploited past.

So, think about this. In a proper historical context, Mao’s vision of violent revolution is not so outrageous and obscene as it seems. In fact, it is very mundane and mainstream. Mao’s problem with the West was that he was not only a committed communist and capitalist hater, but he led China, the world’s most populous, and thanks to him, one of the world’s most powerful countries. The problem with the West was that its capitalists could no longer rape, plunder and pillage China’s people and its vast natural resources.

Now that we know Mao was a bread-and-butter revolutionary, in a long line of proud, principled rebels, East and West, let’s take a look at the two events that tarnished his image and give Western talking heads so much propaganda fodder.

The Great Leap Forward

The first one was the Great Leap Forward. From 1958-61, when Mao and the CPC collectivized land, farmers and agricultural production, as well as massively and successfully increased industrial production and infrastructure across the country.

Studying the statistics in the Appendix below, the West completely denies just how successful was the Great Leap Forward’s industrial and infrastructure gains. During this brief period of mass mobilization and creative frenzy, the Chinese people began large scale production of cars, trucks, tractors, airplanes, military equipment and weapons. With the help of Soviets, the Chinese built hundreds of steel, textile, chemical, machine tool, power generation, coal and metallurgy processing plants, among a number of other sectors. According to Dongping Han, in his highly informative book, The Unknown Cultural Revolution – Life and Change in a Chinese Village (Monthly Review Press, 2008), out of all the industrial projects launched by China from 1949-1964, a jaw dropping two-thirds were started during the Great Leap Forward. During these short three years, 36% of all coal was produced, 30% of all textiles were made and 26% of all the electricity generated, out of the total 29-year Mao Era of 1949-1978!

The Chinese beat the pants off the West during the Great Leap Forward

In fact, the Great Leap Forward’s juggernaut was so spectacular, that its production numbers exceeded by double digits (10-30%) the best three years of the Soviet Union, Great Britain, the United States, Germany and Japan, during their massive industrial expansions that preceded China’s.

Yes, the small backyard steel furnaces that were built across the country were wasteful and largely a failure. But when you look at the whole picture of the Great Leap Forward’s staggering industrial success, they were a blip on the graph that Western propaganda took and blew up into a bogus communist policy disaster.

Great Leap infrastructure

The other sector that the West has completely expunged from the truth about the Great Leap Forward is infrastructure development, especially in rural areas. Out of the ten largest reservoirs in existence in China today, nine were built during the Great Leap Forward. Thousands of other large, medium and small sized reservoirs were built for the triple benefit of flood control, irrigation and electricity generation, increasing the national capacity of each of these categories by several magnitudes. Thousands of kilometers of riverbanks were also fortified, to prevent flooding, while millions of wells for drinking water and irrigation were dug across the country.

That boogey-bear called collectivization

The other aspect of the Great Leap Forward that raises a lot of eyebrows in the West is rural collectivization. This is where large groups of people, usually farmers, are moved from their current, traditional or historic homes, to a new area, to develop these previously underdeveloped or unused lands. It is essentially government-organized pioneering and settlement, writ large.

Collectivization does not get a lot of love in the world’s history books. Stalin got the ball rolling in the Soviet Union, 1928-1940. Then Mao rolled up his shirtsleeves in the 1950s. Later, Cuba, Vietnam, Ethiopia and Tanzania, among a number of others, took the plunge. From an individual standpoint, it must be difficult and stressful, being uprooted from one’s home and being asked to start a new life in a new area, often with new neighbors.

From a historical standpoint in China, looking back a couple of generations to the 1950s, the long view gives a different perspective. Many thousands of square kilometers of marginal, scrub, waste or desertified lands were transformed into highly productive farmland. Vast tracts of land in Inner Mongolia and Manchuria are now some of the best corn and soybean production areas in the world, and helped feed a rapidly growing population after liberation in 1949.

I have met families who were collectivized. In retrospect, they have no regrets. Yes, they suffered tremendous hardship, but what pioneers don’t? They are proud of what they accomplished, their selfless, patriotic and collective efforts, for the good of their country. I have seen these families wave their arms across the horizon, as corn and soybean disappear into infinity, as well as what has now turned into a prosperous rural town, saying, “We did this, this is what we accomplished”.

It is difficult to imagine being thrown together with not much more than hand tools, some building supplies, in howling, subzero weather. Then, they were pointed to 10,000-100,000 hectares of wasteland, as far as the eye could see, to the horizon and told,

For the love of New China, for the love of the communist revolution, transform this land!

Catastrophic weather almost derailed the whole thing

That would have been difficult in the best of scenarios, but as bad luck would have it, at the same time, much of China was struck with terrible floods, then a 100-year drought. As a result, millions of people died. What China haters do not consider is that even without collectivization, millions of Chinese would have still died, because it was some of the worst droughts and floods in the 20th century.

The Chinese officially say about 16.5 million died, which would be 2.5% of the population. Western historians say somewhere between 18-45 million perished. Let’s take the average of these figures, which comes to 26.5 million and round it up to 30 million, for comparative purposes, so no one can say I’m being biased. In 1958, when the Great Leap Forward started, China’s population was 654,000,000, about half of today’s 1.4 billion. So, 30 million is 4.6% of China’s total population of 654 million. Sounds like a lot, but how does this compare to other tragedies, some in the not-so-distant past?

Great Leap’s losses: a comparative review

For starters, the most important blueprint for all this modern collectivization was US President Andrew Jackson’s 1830 Indian Removal Act, which is brushed over in Western history books, since it helped codify the genocide of 15 million Native Americans, or 90% of their populations. The survivors in America’s collectivized, gulag Indian reservations have been and continue to be a massive failure of ethnic cleansing on a continental scale, for the small percentage who survived Eurmerican extermination. Ditto Canada, Australia, New Zealand and the Jewish State.

France lost 5% of its population during World War I, a pointless slaughter between greedy, Western colonialists. Ireland lost 25% of its people during the British legislated Great Potato Genocide 1845-1853, as well as another 25% emigrating to avoid this “legal” extermination. French colonialists in Vietnam, in a terrible drought, intentionally caused two million to starve to death in 1945, which was 9% of the local population. The United States massacred up to 25% of the Filipinos, starting in 1898, when it colonized that island country. More recently, the United States killed 3.3 million Iraqis, 1990-2012, including 750,000 children, the total which represents almost 19% of the population. Way to go Uncle Slaughter, job well done. You have to hand it to Americans. When they institute forced collectivization and genocide, they do it right.

I could keep going on all day about massacres and genocide in Palestine, India, Iran, Asia, Africa, the Americas, Oceania and Europe, during the last 500 years of Eurmerican colonialism, with whopping percentages of the local population decimated every time. The point is, in historical perspective, yes, 2.5% (16.5 million) of the Chinese population lost during the Great Leap Forward period is a tragedy, which Baba Beijing officially accepts. But it is by no means unusual, as an event, nor is its magnitude.

Population boom, finally!

The flip side is, after a century of Western colonization, 1839-1949, during which China’s population only grew 0.7% per year, a total of 128 million over 110 years. In the Mao Era, China’s population grew 57%, 415 million net new citizens from 1949-1978. The Great Leap Forward timeframe saw China lose up to 16.5 million souls, due to cataclysmic weather, but Mao’s policies still increased the overall population by 415,000,000. Again, looking at the statistics in the Appendix below, Baba Beijing’s 70% right-30% wrong assessment of Mao is likely over-critical.

The Chinese have been taking down bad leaders for 5,000 years

Looking back at Chinese history, whenever a ruler lost the Heavenly Mandate and the people felt that their governance was to blame for their suffering, they usually revolted. There is even a popular proverb, “jiegan’erqi”, which means, “grab a (bamboo) stick and rise up in rebellion”. Countless ineffectual or corrupt leaders were overrun by teeming masses of fed-up citizens wielding homemade spears. One of the biggest reasons to overthrow a leader was food shortages and famine. Thus, this brings up a good question: if the Great Leap Forward was such the colossal, communist administrative catastrophe as depicted in the West, then why didn’t the Chinese citizenry do what they have predictably done thousands of times throughout history?

Armed to the teeth, yet no revolt. Why?

And this time, they had a lot more than just bamboo sticks. Due to the Korean War, Taiwan, the CIA in Tibet and all the suicide missions it was sending into the country to create subversion, for the first time in national history, the peasants were well armed, and stayed that way until the early 1980s, when they were confiscated at the beginning of Deng Xiaoping’s administration. Machine guns, rifles, pistols, grenades and even mortar rockets were commonplace across the rural countryside, with a village often having 100-200 arms on hand, people’s militias loaded to kill Western imperialists. Yet, armed to the teeth for the first time in Chinese history, they didn’t rise up to overthrow the Communist Party of China.

People like Dongping Han and Mobo Gao, who together wrote The Battle for China’s Past (Pluto Press, 2008), grew up as peasant children during the Great Leap Forward and as adolescents, during the Cultural Revolution. They suggest that not only did the masses not blame the CPC for all the suffering during the Great Leap Forward, but point out that the government went to great extremes to mobilize and transport food from provinces where there were surpluses, to areas that were slammed by the flooding and droughts, saving millions of lives in the process. Yes, there was widespread hunger, but starvation was limited and scattered according to unlucky localized conditions, those with co-morbidities and the very elderly.

There is a valid argument that not only were farmers well-armed and historical rebels, but how could they have so massively built-up rural infrastructure, as well as the country performing the greatest of burst of industrial production in human history, if everyone was starving to death? Han and Gao provide tons of statistics, interviews and real-life experiences to convincingly show that the official number of Great Leap Forward deaths of 16.5 million was at worst, the maximum level.

Frank Dikötter is a well-paid factotum, neoliberal millionaire and pathological liar who has brainwashed the world

The one book that has most framed Westerners’ brainwashing that the Great Leap Forward was a calculated mass murder, is Mao’s Great Famine: The History of China’s Most Devastating Catastrophe, 1958– 62, by Frank Dikötter (2010, Walker & Company). However, after publication, it was pointed out that the photo Dikötter used on the front of the book was not of a child starving during the Great Leap Forward, but of one from Life Magazine, taken during a pre-liberation, 1946 Chinese famine, at the height of the Chinese Civil War. When questioned, he said he could not find any photos of starving people during the Great Leap Forward. Hmm…

The most famous line used in his book quotes Mao Zedong, in 1959 saying,

When there is not enough to eat people starve to death. It is better to let half of the people die so that the other half can eat their fill.

According to Dongping Han, when pressed about the source of this quote, Dikötter claimed it was from a confidential source and could not be revealed. In the end, due continuous challenges to his credibility, he finally relented for it to be reviewed by someone in Hong Kong, a professor colleague of Dongping Han’s. Probably illiterate in Chinese, what Dikötter did not realize was that his source was in fact a speech Mao gave on industrial policy, saying that if the country could only meet half of its pharaonic industrial planning goals, then they would prioritize them to get at least 50% of them completed. This strongly suggests that Dikötter was taken advantage of by fellow Chinese-reading commie and Mao haters, who put their zealotry above the truth, or in his ideological zeal, he wrote what he wanted to hear and see.

In sum, did people die during the Great Leap Forward, due to droughts and flooding? Yes. As a result, was there hunger and limited starvation? Yes. Did the masses blame the CPC, rise up and overthrow it? No.

The Great Proletariat Cultural Revolution

The other sociopolitical project that tarnished Mao’s reputation was the Great Proletariat Cultural Revolution. There is much international speculation as to why Mao started it. The common Western refrain is that he did it to keep his political rivals off balance and to compensate for the negative aspects of the Great Leap Forward. But, the Chinese say Mao really did want to rid the country of counterrevolutionary elements, who were sabotaging the country (the fascist Japanese and KMT both left behind millions of soldiers and personnel), as well as greatly expand and reform rural education.

Corruption was a cancer that needed to be extirpated

No one can say that Mao had not tried to rid the Party of corrupt, venal cadres. Since 1949, he had launched no fewer than eight campaigns to get rid of them,

1951-52: Three Antis (Sanfan)

1953: New Three Antis (Xinsanfan) and Five Antis (Wufan)

1954: Cadre Rectification (Ganbu Zhengfeng)

1955: Tax Bureau Anti-Corruption (Shuiwu Bumen Fantanwu)

1957: Rectification (Zhengfeng)

1960: Rural Village Three Antis (Nongcun Sanfan)

1964-65: Socialist Education (Siqing)

The people were fed up

Clearly, the same-old-same-old was not working. The whole lot, government and education were corrupt and needed to go. Endless surveys and polls, what was called the Mass Line showed that the people were screaming blue-faced mad to get it cleaned up, go to school and wanted positive change yesterday.

Mao famously was quoted in 1964,

At present you can buy a Party branch secretary for a few packs of cigarettes, not to mention marrying a daughter to him.

In 1966, Mao and the Party sent out work teams, the “official Red Guards”, to meet with the masses and identify the crooks at the local level. However, surviving in a mostly feudal society for 5,000 years, the peasants were conditioned to keep their heads down and their mouths shut. They were pissed and said so, but would not point any fingers at the culprits. Thus, they would not cooperate out of fear, and in fact these official work team Red Guards and local leaders protected each other, while browbeating and threatening the rural folk into silent submission.

Time to clean out the swamp – now

So, the Cultural Revolution was Mao’s exasperated ploy to clean up and clear out the Party, with the help of the citizens, by giving them the authority to stand up, be heard and punish and/or remove the millions of rotten local cadres who were mostly making their lives miserable and poorer. They were the victims of this official abuse, thus they were the ones who could fix the problem. If only they could overcome their fear and feudal subservience, then the crooks could be smoked out, overwhelmed and not able to protect each other and themselves.

Westerners scoff at Mao’s backers supporting the anti-Lin Biao and Confucius campaign, as being frivolous, but they completely miss the point. Mao was giving hundreds of millions of timid, cowered masses the opportunity to stand up and vocally criticize two of the country’s icons, one modern and one ancient. It was a set piece for the people to practice throwing off their feudal mindset and speak with a collective voice of authority and conviction.

Why Confucius? Because at his worst, he was an elitist and a class snob, saying things like,

The masses should be led, but should not be educated. Women and common people are hard to govern.

The infamous struggle about Red Guards fighting each other was thus the official Party ones, who were protecting the crooks and persecuting the citizenry, versus Mao’s people’s “rebel” Red Guards who were punishing the rotten cadres and corrupt educators. Thus, on August 1st, 1966, when Mao published his Letter to the Red Guards of Tsinghua University Middle School, it was in fact a declaration to everyone in the Party, white hats and black hats, that he would guarantee the protection of the do-gooder rebel Red Guards, to root out corrupt officials and educators, and to stand up to the official Red Guards. Mao’s weapon was his authoritative voice of the communist revolution and the People’s Liberation Army, which remained loyal to him and were a force of good. Needless to say, it got messy and was a battle royal: the oppressors versus the oppressed, the elites versus the commoners and to a great extent, urbanites versus country folk.

Human history’s longest running, biggest direct democracy

In fact, there are people who have written books to that effect: millions of peasants in the countryside liked the Cultural Revolution, because it gave them the authority to remove corrupt local Party officials and educators, who were getting too fat and happy and abusing their positions of power. Mao and his allies saw a CPC that was rotten to the core and needed to be taken down not just a notch, but to its collective knees. And that’s exactly what happened, with millions of Party cadres and educators figuratively knocked off their high horses and/or run out of town.

In the end, the Cultural Revolution proved to be the longest and biggest direct democracy in human history.

Education needed to be totally revamped – and was

The other aspect about the Cultural Revolution was Mao’s ardent desire to bring rural education out of the dark ages. After 1949, the education system improved dramatically for urbanites, as well as for illiterate adults who could finally learn to read and write. The argument for the “key school system” superficially made sense: concentrate resources on the best and the brightest in the cities, to help lead the industry, infrastructure and technology revolutions taking place across the country. But for farm folk, the education system changed little after liberation. It was still controlled by urban, intellectual elites, who largely scorned the hundreds of millions of peasants in the countryside. They were also financially corrupt, as every level of education, from kindergarten to high school, required tuition, which the vast majority of farmers could not afford to pay for their children. The Cultural Revolution changed all that.

On May 7, 1966, Mao wrote a letter to his projected successor, Lin Biao, in part saying,

…education should be revolutionized, and the domination of our schools by bourgeois intellectuals should by no means be allowed to continue.

In the now famous May 16 Directive, launching the Cultural Revolution, which Mao helped write, it said,

The task of the Cultural Revolution is to reform the old education system and education philosophy and methodology.

With the advent of this movement, suddenly, every rural child in China was able to go to school, kindergarten through 12th grade (K- 12), for free and with no admissions or advancement tests to hold them back. Villages and communes used their own resources to build and equip schools, K-12, hiring teachers and creating learning materials, pooling together to provide larger middle and high schools for districts and counties.

Dongping Han’s rural Shandong Jimo county was very typical and its statistics before and after the Cultural Revolution are breathtaking. Before 1949, his county of 800,000 people only had two middle schools. In 1966, when the Cultural Revolution started, it still languished, with only eight middle schools, teaching a paltry 1,300 students, for almost a million citizens. In 1949, they only had one high school and in 1966, just two. In 1966, his village of 1,200 people only had four high school graduates. Nationally in 1966, sixty-five percent of all rural schools had no desks and chairs.

By the end of the Cultural Revolution, instead of eight middle schools, his county had 249, a 31-fold increase. High schools skyrocketed from two to 89, a nearly 45-fold enlargement. Tens of thousands of students were graduating from middle and high school (including Dongping Han and Mobo Gao), contributing to the betterment of the local economy, both agricultural and industrial. Every village had at least one primary school. Students had desks, chairs, teachers and learning resources. Tuition-free classes were scheduled to be flexible with the passing of the seasons, so that the crops could be planted, harvested and processed, as well as rural industrial targets being met.

Dongping Han and Mobo Gao are PhD professors at Western universities, thanks to the Cultural Revolution

To say that the Cultural Revolution radically improved the educational foundation of rural China would be a gross understatement. And with real, true universal K-12 across the country, the masses felt politically and socially empowered to take their fates and destinies into their own hands, to finally stand up and be heard.

To this day, knowledgeable people inside and outside China say that the Cultural Revolution has brought long lasting, badly needed changes to the mindset of the Chinese masses. For millennia, even when the Heavenly Mandate was harmonious and peaceful, China’s peasants were often living in a feudal economic system, where they were mostly powerless. Their only recourse was to grab those bamboo sticks when it became intolerable and demand new leaders. Wherever in the world, feudalism institutionalizes society’s hierarchy for the common folk, the masses, to keep their heads down, backs toiling, bellies just full enough and mouths shut. If that sounds a lot like the West these days, you read it here.

Without the Cultural Revolution, China today would be just another balkanized resource whore for the Judeo-West

For Mao, the corrupt CPC cadres leading up to the Cultural Revolution were no better than history’s feudal landlords and masters. To this day, it is argued that that celebrated decade of popular revolt, outrage and people’s direct democracy against the country’s elites has had lasting, beneficial results. After the Cultural Revolution, the Chinese lost their feudal serfs’ mentality. They were no longer afraid to take down the fat and the lazy, the rich and the corrupt, to justice. Living here for 16 years and knowing that these days, there are 300-500 daily public protests against the system, in reality, against the CPC, this kind of popular vigilance would never have reached fruition, without the Cultural Revolution’s baptism by populist fire.

Just as Mao Zedong’s amazing socioeconomic miracle from 1949-1978 was critical for Deng Xiaoping’s later reforms to succeed, it can be persuasively argued that the 1966-1976 Cultural Revolution was just as necessary for the Chinese people to develop the attitude and sense of social justice needed, to implement these incredible changes and make them happen.

One could even argue that if it weren’t for the crucible of the Cultural Revolution to steel the Party and put its members on notice, it may have already been destined to the same fate as the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. On August 8th, 1966, Mao and the CPC issued the following proclamation, known today as The Sixteen Points:

Although the bourgeoisie has been overthrown, it is still trying to use the old ideas, culture and customs, and habits of the exploiting classes to corrupt the masses, capture their minds, and endeavor to stage a comeback. The proletariat must do just the opposite: it must meet head on every challenge of the bourgeoisie in the ideological field and use the new ideas, culture, customs, and habits of the proletariat to change the mental outlook of the whole of society.

At present our objective is to struggle against and crush those persons in authority who are taking the capitalist road, to criticize and repudiate the reactionary bourgeois academic “authorities” and the ideology of the bourgeoisie and all other exploiting classes and transform education, literature, and art and all other parts of the superstructure that do not correspond to the socialist economic base, so as to facilitate the consolidation and development of the socialist system.

The masses of the workers, peasants, soldiers, revolutionary intellectuals, and revolutionary cadres form the main force in this Great Cultural Revolution. Large numbers of revolutionary young people, previously unknown, have become courageous and daring path-breakers. The Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution now unfolding is a great revolution that touches people to their very soul and constitutes a new stage in the development of the socialist revolution in our country, a deeper and more extensive stage.

Since the Cultural Revolution is a revolution, it inevitably meets with resistance. This resistance comes chiefly from those in authority who have wormed their way into the party and are taking the capitalist road. It also comes from the old force of habit in society. At present, this resistance is still fairly strong and stubborn. However, the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution is, after all, an irresistible general trend. There is abundant evidence that such resistance will crumble fast once the masses become fully aroused.

Chinese leaders fear their citizens. Westerners fear their leaders

There you have it. This revolutionary declaration offers hope for positive change in China’s future. The leadership should rightfully be fearful of the people, not the other way around; a great definition of effective, participatory democracy. As well, the Chinese people are not going to put up with their leaders turning their proud, independent country into a continent-sized Indonesia or Honduras, letting itself be raped and plundered by Judeo-bankers, corporations and militaries. Thus, the Party had better work its butt off to make sure those who would sell out the communist revolution for a few crumbs of Western empire are rid of, or at least neutralized.

If one looks at the May Fourth Movement from 1917-1921, leading up to the founding of the CPC, and its rallying cry to modernize and throw off the shackles of Western and Japanese imperialism, it can be well argued that it finally succeeded in the Cultural Revolution.

For the Chinese, this has been going on for 5,000 years

The other aspect that is lost to most outsiders concerning the Cultural Revolution was Mao’s sincere belief in continuous revolution. This was based on his and Baba Beijing’s total trust and respect held for the masses, especially the peasants. They did and still do truly believe in the Chinese’s specialness and uniqueness, as the world’s most resilient, most adaptable people on Earth. When looking back on China’s 5,000-year civilization, this devotion to their people is not grounded in egotistical delusions, but in the amazing tapestry of trial, tribulation and triumph, woven in the pages of the country’s history books.

Revolutions always get messy

When Mao did launch the Cultural Revolution, it probably went in directions that he did not think would ever happen. It is safe to say that at times, it got out of control of the leadership, especially when the Red Guards were charged to rid New China of The Four Olds (customs, culture, habits and ideas). This is the famous episode which caused so much of the outrage against adults, teachers, civic leaders, as well as extensive damage to Chinese heritage sites, temples and museums. In the West, it is depicted that this went on for years. In fact, the majority of this vandalism happened during a brief six-week period in the summer of 1966. They did do a lot of damage in such a short period of time and the leadership quickly sent out the People’s Liberation Army to stop it.

It was one of the big reasons that Mao, soon thereafter, sent these city youths into the countryside, for rural education, as a way to neutralize these urban Red Guards, who were out of control. It was a great way to get these overzealous kids, including future presidents Hu Jintao and Xi Jinping, out of the cities and take some starch out of them. In fact, it worked like a charm.

Presidents Xi Jinping and Hu Jintao went down to the countryside

This rural education program for city slickers is still highly valued in China. If you ask Xi Jinping, in spite of the hardships and suffering, it was a big success. His seven years living and working with dirt poor peasants helped make him the man he is today. This is a point of view to which I can personally relate. I was a Peace Corps volunteer for 25 months in Tunisia. All of my personal sacrifices living like a peasant in rural Tunisia were life-changing for the better.

Cultural Revolution’s economy took a big first-year hickey

Pictured above: even with the 100-year droughts and floods in 1959-1960 and the first year of the Cultural Revolution, China still outpaced the United States, the latter which held all the global cards.

It must be said, the Cultural Revolution set China back economically the first year. Overall, GDP growth slowed to an average of 6% per annum, 1966-1976, after torrid economic growth from 1949-1965, with numbers that make the Deng Era look anemic. Innocents, along with the many more guilty were persecuted, tortured, imprisoned and many died during what the Chinese call their “decade of chaos”. Rural education was going through an amazing renaissance. But instead of learning grammar and math, some urban school children spent time stabbing straw effigies with bamboo spears, and screaming,

Down with Deng Xiaoping! Down with Liu Shaoqi!

The rurals loved the Cultural Revolution, the metropolitans less so

This being the memories of Chinese friends I know, who grew up during such an infamous decade. And then the ultimate mockery of the Cultural Revolution’s name, some schools in China’s urban and town education system shut down for intermittent periods, 1966-67, and many universities were closed up to 1968-1970. Not the best way to advance the cause of New China, even though Western propaganda has conflated this into there being no education for a whole decade across the entire country, which is clearly a big lie. While very popular and largely successful in the countryside compared to the cities, urban people who lived through it tell me the period was a muddled and dispiriting mess for many metropolitan Chinese, even if they kept out of harm’s way. It did not end officially end until Mao’s death, on September 9th, 1976.

Old habits lingered on until Deng Xiaoping kick-started his reforms and opening up in 1978.

Baba Beijing goes Confucist-Daoist-Buddhist and owns up

Baba Beijing officially admits that the Cultural Revolution got out of hand at the beginning, and puts up acceptable figures on the number of people wrongfully persecuted, imprisoned and killed, as well as an inventory of the damage done to cultural heritage sites. Baba Beijing has officially apologized to all the victims. Furthermore, they even instituted a national program to find and return stolen goods to their original owners.

After that burst of angry frenzy against all the bad guys in early 1966, for nine-plus more years, the Cultural Revolution was a huge economic, industrial, scientific, social, educational and agricultural success. This is denied in the West and largely ignored by Baba Beijing, although with Xi Jinping as president since 2012, the criticism and denial of the Deng Era have greatly abated. Textbooks have been updated to reflect this. I think this trend will continue. The productive and technological achievements of the Mao Era need pages to list them all, not to mention there was no corruption, crime, homelessness, hunger (except during the 100-years droughts and floods of 1959-60), inflation, nor unemployment.

Conclusion

Behind the Great Western Firewall, the mainstream media’s coordinated intention is to deliberately focus China’s modern history on only three galvanizing events: the Great Leap Forward, the Cultural Revolution and the fictitious Tiananmen “massacre”, in order to tarnish and discredit its jaw-dropping communist-socialist success. They sure don’t want you to get any ideas that cut into their power and profit off the backs of the people.

But, looking back, this brings the Cultural Revolution into current day perspective.

We know the horrors and misery in pre-liberation, colonial China. The accomplishments, numbers and statistics are bulletproof: in only 29 years, 1949-1978, Mao and the CPC transformed China into a modern, developing, agricultural and industrial powerhouse, proudly self-reliant and without any help from the West. This is more than incredible. In fact, one could say that a second Great Leap Forward was these almost unimaginable socioeconomic gains that the Chinese benefitted from, during the generation of Mao’s leadership.

The Chinese earned rights that Westerners don’t have: freedom, independence and real, participatory people’s democracy

Even more importantly, the Chinese people are continuing to stand proud, independent and free of Western occupation and balkanization. This is what makes Mao’s supposed 30% wrong totally forgivable. Even if he was pegged 10% right/90% wrong, China’s independence alone would be worth the sacrifice. No country can put a price on the freedom of not being a Western whore. Just ask the scores of invaded, occupied and exploited countries around the world about working on their knees, under the boot heel of the West’s phony “democracy” and “free markets”, just to survive. The Chinese lived this humiliation for 110 years.

Post fall-of-the-Berlin-Wall, the Russians were sodomized by the West for a mere ten years. Iraq, Afghanistan, Syria, Libya, Yemen, Sudan, Nigeria, Ukraine, Palestine and many other countries are still getting the West’s “enslavement program” shoved down their throats. A century or a decade is relative. One day of subjugation and humiliation is too long.

Appendix of statistics

Numerically, Mao and the CPC, from 1949-1978, which is only 29 years, or about one generation,

Economy

Sextupled China’s GDP (+600%), an average of 7% per annum.

Agriculture

Increased China’s grain production 300%, from 100MMT (million metric tons) to 300MMT.

Infrastructure

Increased rail lines by 266%, from 22,677km to 60,367km.

Increased passenger train traffic by 750%, from 102,970,000 passengers to 814,910,000.

Increased rail freight tonnage 2,000%, from 55,890,000MT hauled to 1,101,190,000MT.

Increased the road network 1,000%, from 80,000km to 800,000km.

Postal and telecommunications increased 800%, from 600 million to 48 billion letters, calls, telegrams, etc.

Most of China’s current flood control systems were built during the Mao Era. These include about 85,000 reservoirs of different sizes, which have been constructed in upstream reaches of rivers. Most of them have been built for flood control, integrated with irrigation and power generation. On top of this, a system with 250,000 kilometers of levees built in the middle and downstream reaches of rivers has been constructed, mainly to control floods and protect 34,000 square kilometers of farmland and 400 million people, who live along the rivers. These 100 levees along China’s major rivers take in excessive flood waters. Another important tool to reduce flood disasters is large pumping systems. These have made significant contributions in areas where natural drainage is limited in the flood seasons. These pumps can also be used to suck up and store water that can be used to irrigate land during dry season. They are still working and saving lives to this day. Thank you, Mao Zedong.

From 1949 to 1978, China invested nearly 100 billion yuan (US$14bn) into water infrastructure, which accounted for 6.9% of the national total investment in infrastructure. This investment led to a significant increase in effective irrigated land areas, tripling from 16 million hectares in 1950 to 48.05 million hectares in 1978, equaling a percentage increase from 16% in 1950 to 48% in 1978. They are still feeding the people to this day.

Society

Population increased 57% from 542 million to 956,000,000. From 1840-1949, the population only increased from 413 to 542 million, due to all the Western imposed opium, morphine, heroin addiction and subsequent misery from colonial exploitation and wars.

Nearly doubled life expectancy, from 35 to 65 years.

Doubled caloric intake.

Quadrupled literacy from 20% to 80% in school-age children and more than tripled literacy in adults.

The Mao-Era GINI Index was 0.15, the lowest in any large, modern economy in history. Sweden, after WWII, and at its most socialist had a GINI score of 0.25. All Chinese had jobs, (free) housing, health care, food, clothing and K-to-post-doctoral education, in a crime-free living environment.

Industry

Steel production went from almost zero, which was destroyed during WWII, to 35MMT/year.

Increased gross industrial output forty-fold, 4,000%.

Increased heavy industry ninety-fold, 9,000%.

Increased industry’s contribution to China’s net material product (GDP less services) from 23% percent to 54% percent.

From zero level, in just 29 years, made China the fifth biggest industrial powerhouse on Earth, after the US, Japan, Germany and UK.

The Great Leap Forward gets special mention

Of all the industrial projects launched by China from 1949-1964, a jaw dropping two-thirds were started during the Great Leap Forward. During these short three years, 1958-1960, 36% of all coal was produced, 30% of all textiles were made and 26% of all the electricity generated, out of the total 29-year period of the Mao Era, 1949-1978!

In fact, the Great Leap Forward’s juggernaut was so spectacular, that its production numbers exceeded by double digits (about 10-30%) the best three years of the Soviet Union, Great Britain, the United States, Germany and Japan, during their massive industrial expansions that preceded China’s.

To this day, nine of China’s biggest hydroelectric dams were built during the Great Leap Forward. The only one bigger? Three Gorges Dam.

During the Great Leap Forward, the Red Flag Canal was built entirely by hand as an irrigation canal, diverting water from the Zhang River to fields in Linzhou in northern Henan. Completed in 1965, the main channel is 71 kilometers long, winding around the side of a cliff and through 42 tunnels. By hand.

According to the historical record, 1,092 large flood disaster events occurred 206 BC to 1949 in China, averaging once every two years. Since the end of the Great Leap Forward’s massive flooding and droughts, 1959-60, China has had no incidences of hunger to this day.

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ABOUT JEFF BROWN

JEFF J. BROWN, Editor, China Rising, and Senior Editor & China Correspondent, Dispatch from Beijing, The Greanville Post

Jeff J. Brown is a geopolitical analyst, journalist, lecturer and the author of The China Trilogy. It consists of 44 Days Backpacking in China – The Middle Kingdom in the 21st Century, with the United States, Europe and the Fate of the World in Its Looking Glass (2013); Punto Press released China Rising – Capitalist Roads, Socialist Destinations (2016); and BIG Red Book on China (2020). As well, he published a textbook, Doctor WriteRead’s Treasure Trove to Great English (2015). Jeff is a Senior Editor & China Correspondent for The Greanville Post, where he keeps a column, Dispatch from Beijing and is a Global Opinion Leader at 21^st Century. He also writes a column for The Saker, called the Moscow-Beijing Express. Jeff writes, interviews and podcasts on his own program, China Rising Radio Sinoland, which is also available on YouTube, Stitcher Radio, iTunes, Ivoox and RUvid. Guests have included Ramsey Clark, James Bradley, Moti Nissani, Godfree Roberts, Hiroyuki Hamada, The Saker and many others. [/su_spoiler]

Jeff can be reached at China Rising, je**@***********is.com, Facebook, Twitter, Wechat (+86-19806711824/Mr_Professor_Brown, and Line/Telegram/Whatsapp: +33-612458821.